1A.1.1 Crusader states, Outremer and the early Crusades, c1071–1149 Quiz: AQA History, Unit 1

The 20 questions

1. Which Byzantine emperor asked Western Christendom for military help in 1095, a request that helped prompt the First Crusade?

   • Basil II Bulgaroktonos
   • Alexios I Komnenos
   • Constantine XI Palaiologos
   • Michael VIII Palaiologos

2. At which church council in November 1095 did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade?

   • Council of Bari
   • Council of Nicaea
   • Council of Piacenza
   • Council of Clermont

3. Which city did the main crusader army capture in July 1099, ending the principal campaign of the First Crusade?

   • Edessa
   • Acre
   • Antioch
   • Jerusalem

4. Who became the first King of Jerusalem in 1100, after Godfrey of Bouillon declined the royal title?

   • Bohemond of Taranto
   • Tancred of Hauteville
   • Raymond of Toulouse
   • Baldwin I

5. Which Muslim ruler's capture of Edessa in 1144 was the immediate trigger for the Second Crusade?

   • Tughtakin of Damascus
   • Saladin
   • Zengi
   • Nureddin

6. Which military order was founded in Jerusalem c.1119 to protect pilgrims on pilgrim routes?

   • Knights Hospitaller
   • Knights Templar
   • Teutonic Knights
   • Order of Lazarus

7. Which queen of Jerusalem ruled in her own right between 1131 and 1152?

   • Melisende
   • Sibylla
   • Isabella I
   • Eleanor of Aquitaine

8. Which port cities were key centres of Italian maritime trade in twelfth-century Outremer?

   • Edessa and Antioch
   • Damascus and Aleppo
   • Acre and Tyre
   • Jerusalem and Tiberias

9. Which group provided the main permanent garrisons for the castles of mid-twelfth-century Outremer?

   • Byzantine mercenaries
   • Military orders
   • Italian merchants
   • Local Muslim levies

10. Which Syrian city's failed siege in 1148 led to the collapse of the Second Crusade?

    • Homs
    • Edessa
    • Damascus
    • Aleppo

11. Which division among enemy powers most aided the First Crusade's capture of Jerusalem in 1099?

    • Byzantine and Norman
    • Venetian and Genoese
    • Sunni and Shia
    • French and German

12. Which region was largely lost by the Byzantine Empire following defeat at Manzikert in 1071?

    • Peloponnese
    • Anatolia
    • Sicily
    • Thrace

13. What internal political issue most severely weakened the Kingdom of Jerusalem during the twelfth century?

    • Religious conversions
    • Hyperinflation
    • Succession disputes
    • Peasant revolts

14. Which northern principality created friction between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader states?

    • Principality of Antioch
    • Lordship of Sidon
    • County of Tripoli
    • Kingdom of Cyprus

15. Which Muslim leader first successfully united jihad rhetoric with military expansion against the crusaders?

    • Zengi
    • Baibars
    • Saladin
    • Kilij Arslan

16. Besides military defence, what primary charitable function did the Knights Hospitaller perform in Outremer?

    • Training naval captains
    • Caring for pilgrims
    • Collecting imperial taxes
    • Translating Greek texts

17. Which ruler consolidated Muslim power in Syria following the failure of the Second Crusade?

    • Al-Kamil
    • Zengi
    • Saladin
    • Nureddin

18. How many years did Melisende rule as queen of Jerusalem, counting from 1131 to 1152?

    • 30 years
    • 25 years
    • 15 years
    • 21 years

19. Which pope issued the official call for the Second Crusade in 1145?

    • Innocent III
    • Eugenius III
    • Gregory VIII
    • Urban II

20. Which German ruler led an army on the Second Crusade alongside Louis VII of France?

    • Otto I
    • Henry VI
    • Frederick Barbarossa
    • Conrad III

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