4.2.3.2.1 Quantitative, qualitative, primary and secondary data Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. What term describes data expressed numerically through counts or measurements?

   • Subjective data
   • Secondary data
   • Quantitative data
   • Qualitative data

2. What term describes non-numerical data gathered as words or detailed descriptions?

   • Interval data
   • Primary statistics
   • Quantitative data
   • Qualitative data

3. What is the term for first-hand data gathered directly for a specific investigation?

   • Qualitative data
   • Primary data
   • Secondary data
   • Meta-data

4. What type of data is collected by someone other than the researcher conducting the study?

   • Raw data
   • Qualitative data
   • Secondary data
   • Primary data

5. What statistical procedure combines findings from multiple independent studies on the same topic?

   • Content analysis
   • Meta-analysis
   • Correlation analysis
   • Thematic analysis

6. Which strength is most associated with qualitative data?

   • High replicability
   • Quick data analysis
   • Easy statistical testing
   • Detailed rich insight

7. What main limitation is associated with quantitative data?

   • Time-consuming analysis
   • Low replicability
   • Lack of depth
   • Subjective interpretation

8. A researcher re-analyses existing national census figures. What type of data is this?

   • Experimental data
   • Secondary data
   • Primary data
   • Qualitative data

9. A researcher analyses transcripts of interviews about grief. What type of data is this?

   • Ordinal data
   • Secondary quantitative data
   • Quantitative data
   • Qualitative data

10. A researcher collects scores on a rating scale from 200 participants. What type of data is this?

    • Meta-analytic data
    • Quantitative data
    • Qualitative data
    • Case study data

11. Combining findings from thirty separate published sleep studies is an example of what technique?

    • Meta-analysis
    • Primary experiment
    • Case study
    • Content analysis

12. What is a major advantage of collecting quantitative data?

    • High ecological validity
    • Complete researcher objectivity
    • Easy statistical analysis
    • Rich descriptive depth

13. What is a main limitation of using secondary data in research?

    • High collection cost
    • Mismatched research aims
    • Small sample size
    • Time-consuming collection

14. Categorising open questionnaire responses into numbers transforms qualitative data into what?

    • Secondary data
    • Primary data
    • Quantitative data
    • Meta-data

15. Why can qualitative data suffer from lower reliability than quantitative data?

    • Numerical errors
    • Subjective interpretation
    • Rigid operationalisation
    • Excessive sample size

16. Why does meta-analysis improve the generalisability of research findings?

    • Combines varied samples
    • Eliminates researcher bias
    • Uses primary data
    • Standardises experimental procedures

17. What is the primary benefit of using secondary data over primary data?

    • Greater cost efficiency
    • Tailored research design
    • Greater participant control
    • Higher construct validity

18. Why is quantitative data criticised for oversimplifying human behaviour?

    • It lacks objectivity
    • It lacks context
    • It lacks reliability
    • It is expensive

19. What fundamental feature distinguishes primary data from secondary data?

    • Collection setting used
    • Sample size required
    • Purpose of collection
    • Data format produced

20. Which of these is an example of secondary quantitative data?

    • Interview transcripts
    • Recorded sleep hours
    • Participant sleep diaries
    • Published sleep statistics

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