4.3.4.4 Social cognition: Selman, theory of mind and mirror neurons Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 3

The 20 questions

1. What key aspect of cognitive development did Robert Selman investigate?

   • Social perspective-taking
   • Mirror neuron firing
   • Moral reasoning
   • Theory of mind

2. What cognitive ability allows individuals to attribute mental states to others?

   • Systemising ability
   • Prosocial behaviour
   • Perspective-taking stage
   • Theory of mind

3. Which concept does the classic Sally-Anne task specifically assess?

   • False belief understanding
   • Conservation of volume
   • Egocentric speech
   • Emotional empathy

4. In the Sally-Anne task, where will a child with developed Theory of Mind say Sally looks?

   • In her basket
   • In Anne's box
   • In the cupboard
   • Under the table

5. At what age do most neurotypical children pass the Sally-Anne false belief task?

   • Eight years old
   • Two years old
   • Four years old
   • Six years old

6. Which stage in Selman's levels represents egocentric perspective-taking?

   • Level 3
   • Level 2
   • Level 0
   • Level 1

7. Which of Selman's levels involves understanding that others can have a different perspective and that people can see each other's views?

   • Mutual perspective-taking
   • Egocentric perspective-taking
   • Societal perspective-taking only
   • Undifferentiated perspective-taking

8. Which psychological phenomenon is the mirror neuron system most directly associated with?

   • Long-term memory storage
   • Abstract logical reasoning
   • Empathy and imitation
   • Language comprehension

9. Mirror neurons fire both when performing an action and when doing what else?

   • Observing the action
   • Inhibiting the action
   • Memorising the action
   • Expecting a reward

10. Why is the Sally-Anne study considered a landmark test in developmental psychology?

    • Tests object permanence
    • Measures false belief
    • Assesses attachment type
    • Measures IQ score

11. Predicting that a friend will feel sad due to lacking information demonstrates what cognitive skill?

    • Theory of mind
    • Class inclusion
    • Conservation
    • Classical conditioning

12. What is a major methodological criticism of the Sally-Anne task?

    • Lacks operational variables
    • Relies on language
    • Uses unethical deception
    • Only tests adults

13. Baron-Cohen et al. found that many autistic children struggle with which aspect of the Sally-Anne task?

    • Memory check question
    • Naming the dolls
    • Object permanence test
    • False belief question

14. What is the main methodological limitation of studying human mirror neurons?

    • Lack of direct evidence
    • Small sample sizes
    • Poor temporal resolution
    • High participant attrition

15. What ability defined by Selman involves viewing a situation from another person's position?

    • Self-efficacy
    • Emotional intelligence
    • Perspective-taking
    • Cognitive dissonance

16. A child knows an absent friend will not know a rule. Which concept does this show?

    • Object permanence
    • Mirror neurons
    • Theory of mind
    • Sensory processing

17. At around what age does false belief understanding typically emerge in young children?

    • Four years
    • Two years
    • Eight years
    • Six years

18. Which type of task tests whether a child understands that someone holds an incorrect belief?

    • False belief task
    • Strange Situation
    • Visual cliff task
    • Conservation task

19. Why is human mirror neuron research often criticised regarding brain measurement techniques?

    • Indirect measurement
    • Unethical procedures
    • Low construct validity
    • Animal extrapolation

20. How many stages of perspective-taking development did Robert Selman propose?

    • Six stages
    • Five stages
    • Four stages
    • Three stages

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