Lesson 4.3.2.6
4.3.2.6 Science, theory and methods Quiz: AQA Sociology, Unit 3
20 questions
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Lesson 4.3.2.6, Science, theory and methods: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA Sociology (7192), Unit 3: Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
According to Karl Popper, a theory is scientific only if it can be what?
- Socially constructed
- Proven true
- Proven false
- Inductively verified
-
What term did Thomas Kuhn use for a shared framework of assumptions and methods in science?
- Falsification
- Value freedom
- Verification
- Paradigm
-
Which research approach begins with an existing theory and tests hypotheses against empirical data?
- Interpretivist approach
- Inductive approach
- Deductive approach
- Grounded approach
-
Which research approach begins with empirical observations to develop a new theory?
- Hypothetico-deductive approach
- Positivist approach
- Inductive approach
- Deductive approach
-
Interpretivists argue sociology cannot be a science because humans act based on what?
- Subjective meanings
- Objective facts
- Universal laws
- Biological instincts
-
What term did Thomas Kuhn give to the sudden change from one scientific paradigm to another?
- Theoretical triangulation
- Hypothesis testing
- Scientific revolution
- Normal science
-
Why do critics argue Karl Popper's falsification principle cannot easily apply to Marxism?
- Excessive reliability
- Lack of validity
- Quantitative focus
- Unfalsifiable concepts
-
In sociological research, what primarily guides a sociologist's choice of research methods?
- Sample size
- Publication date
- Theoretical perspective
- Statistical software
-
Which research strategy, developed by Glaser and Strauss, builds theory directly from data?
- Triangulation
- Grounded theory
- Positivism
- Falsification
-
What is the process of converting abstract concepts into measurable, observable indicators called?
- Socialisation
- Operationalisation
- Categorisation
- Triangulation
-
What can unconsciously influence a sociologist's choice of topic and research interpretation?
- Random sampling
- Personal values
- Data coding
- Replication
-
What is a testable statement predicting a relationship between variables called?
- Social fact
- Paradigm
- Operationalisation
- Hypothesis
-
Karl Popper argued that sociology can only be scientific if it produces what type of statements?
- Falsifiable statements
- Unverifiable statements
- Inductive statements
- Value-bound statements
-
What term describes the idea that observations are influenced by the researcher's theoretical framework?
- Falsification
- Theory-laden
- Objectivity
- Value-free
-
Re-running an existing research study to check if the results are consistent measures what?
- Validity
- Representativeness
- Reliability
- Operationalisation
-
In the hypothetico-deductive model, what is tested against empirical evidence?
- Unstructured observations
- Hypotheses
- Personal values
- Subjective meanings
-
According to Karl Popper, what happens to a theory when evidence contradicts its predictions?
- It is proven
- It is falsified
- It is verified
- It becomes a paradigm
-
According to Kuhn, what is a shared framework of assumptions, methods, and concepts called?
- A hypothesis
- A social policy
- A paradigm
- A social fact
-
Which type of reasoning moves from specific observations to general theories?
- Hypothetico-deductive model
- Falsification
- Deductive reasoning
- Inductive reasoning
-
What does a null hypothesis assume about the relationship between two variables?
- No relationship exists
- A positive relationship
- A strong correlation
- A causal link
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