3.2.4.4.2 Psychological explanation: negative schemas and attributions Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 8

The 20 questions

1. In Beck's psychological explanation of depression, what is a negative schema?

   • Chemical imbalance
   • Genetic mutation
   • Unconscious defence mechanism
   • Negative mental framework

2. What term describes how a person explains the causes of bad events in depression?

   • Schemas
   • Neurotransmitters
   • Attributions
   • Synapses

3. Which factor represents the nurture influence in psychological explanations of depression?

   • Brain structure
   • Serotonin levels
   • Learned thinking patterns
   • Genetic inheritance

4. Failing one test and concluding you are hopeless at everything is an example of what cognitive bias?

   • Reuptake
   • Genetic predisposition
   • Reductionism
   • Overgeneralisation

5. Explaining a personal failure as being caused by your own permanent flaw is which type of attribution?

   • Situational attribution
   • External attribution
   • Internal attribution
   • Biological attribution

6. Thinking 'nothing I do ever works' is an example of what cognitive structure?

   • Neutral memory
   • Negative schema
   • External attribution
   • Positive schema

7. How do negative schemas affect a person's interpretation of neutral events?

   • Biases them negatively
   • Biases them positively
   • Makes them neutral
   • Prevents all thinking

8. Which of these is a psychological explanation for depression?

   • Negative attributions
   • Brain structure differences
   • Genetic inheritance
   • Low serotonin levels

9. Explaining a failed interview by saying 'I am completely useless' is which type of attribution?

   • Situational attribution
   • Biological attribution
   • External attribution
   • Internal attribution

10. Psychological explanations view negative thinking patterns in depression as being influenced by what?

    • Environmental learning
    • Innate reflexes
    • Hormonal changes
    • Genetic mutation

11. Why are cognitive explanations of depression classed as nurture explanations?

    • They are learned
    • They are inherited
    • They are physical
    • They are biological

12. A depressed person constantly thinking 'I always ruin everything' demonstrates a negative schema about what?

    • The self
    • The brain
    • The future
    • The world

13. In depression, a negative attribution style explains bad events as internal, global, and what?

    • External
    • Temporary
    • Unstable
    • Stable

14. Which research method is most commonly used to measure negative schemas and attributions?

    • Brain scan
    • Self-report questionnaire
    • Genetic testing
    • Blood sample

15. Which factor do psychological explanations of depression typically ignore?

    • Biological factors
    • Cognitive biases
    • Childhood trauma
    • Negative schemas

16. Saying 'I am unlovable' after a breakup is an attribution that is internal and what else?

    • Biological
    • External
    • Unstable
    • Stable

17. Why do psychologists assess negative thinking patterns in patients with depression?

    • To measure serotonin
    • To identify schemas
    • To scan brains
    • To test genetics

18. Attributing exam success to hard work and preparation is an example of what type of attribution?

    • Negative attribution
    • Positive attribution
    • Global attribution
    • Stable failure attribution

19. Unlike a general schema, what does an attribution specifically explain?

    • A biological process
    • A specific event
    • A general worldview
    • An innate personality

20. In cognitive therapy, how are negative schemas usually changed?

    • Surgically altering brains
    • Prescribing medication
    • Ignoring past memories
    • Reframing unhelpful thoughts

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