4.2.2.6 The effect of lifestyle on some non-communicable diseases Quiz: AQA Combined Science, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. Which lifestyle factors are key risk factors for non-communicable diseases?

   • Radiation, dust, pollen
   • Viruses, protists, vectors
   • Pathogens, fungi, bacteria
   • Diet, alcohol, smoking

2. What is the biological definition of a risk factor?

   • Prevents all infections
   • Treats existing symptoms
   • Guarantees getting ill
   • Increases disease rate

3. Which environmental factor is a known carcinogen linked to cancer?

   • Infrared waves
   • Sound waves
   • Visible light
   • Ionising radiation

4. Which risk factor has a proven causal mechanism for lung cancer?

   • Eating green vegetables
   • Smoking
   • Wearing glasses
   • Listening to music

5. Obesity is a risk factor for which disease?

   • Type 2 diabetes
   • Measles
   • Malaria
   • Rose black spot

6. Which two human organs are primarily damaged by long-term alcohol abuse?

   • Skin and eyes
   • Heart and stomach
   • Liver and brain
   • Lungs and kidneys

7. Which cost categories are discussed for non-communicable diseases?

   • Human and financial
   • Electrical costs
   • Chemical and biological
   • Atmospheric costs

8. What is frequently the underlying cause of many human diseases?

   • Random mutation only
   • Purely genetic flaws
   • A single pathogen
   • Interacting factors

9. If smokers have a higher rate of lung cancer, what does this show?

   • Zero relationship
   • Genetic inheritance
   • A strong correlation
   • Direct absolute proof

10. Which substances are known to harm unborn babies during pregnancy?

    • Water and fibre
    • Smoking and alcohol
    • Vitamins and minerals
    • Proteins and sugars

11. What does a positive correlation on a scatter diagram prove by itself?

    • Association not causation
    • Complete independence
    • Definite biological cause
    • Experimental error

12. Why is surveying only people at one specific gym scientifically invalid?

    • Removes all variables
    • Increases sample size
    • Proves direct causation
    • Creates sample bias

13. When interpreting a bar chart of disease deaths, what skill is used?

    • Culturing bacteria
    • Extracting risk data
    • Dissecting organs
    • Titrating solutions

14. Why is identifying lifestyle risk factors important for public health?

    • Cures all infections
    • Eliminates mutations
    • Reduces disease chance
    • Stops aging entirely

15. What does a flat, scattered plot with no trend line indicate?

    • Negative correlation
    • Direct causation
    • No correlation
    • Positive correlation

16. Falling rates of smoking leading to falling lung cancer rates demonstrates what?

    • Risk factor
    • Direct cure
    • Pathogen spread
    • Genetic drift

17. Why can lifestyle studies show disease correlations without proving cause?

    • Complex interactions
    • Exact proof
    • Direct pathogens
    • Single factors

18. Why are many non-communicable diseases said to have multiple causes?

    • Direct heredity
    • Interacting factors
    • Pathogen mutations
    • Single pathogens

19. Why is ionising radiation considered a risk factor for cancer?

    • Damages cellular DNA
    • Destroys antibodies
    • Inhibits respiration
    • Accelerates mitosis

20. Which factor category applies to some types of cancer?

    • Viral immunity
    • Fungal spores
    • Bacterial risk
    • Genetic risk

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