Lesson 9.1.2
9.1.2 Hypotheses, variables and control issues Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 9
20 questions
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Lesson 9.1.2, Hypotheses, variables and control issues: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 9: Psychological skills, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
-
Which type of hypothesis predicts no significant difference or relationship between variables?
- Directional hypothesis
- Null hypothesis
- Alternate hypothesis
- Non-directional hypothesis
-
What type of hypothesis predicts the specific direction of an experimental outcome?
- Directional hypothesis
- Non-directional hypothesis
- Two-tailed hypothesis
- Null hypothesis
-
What type of hypothesis predicts a difference between conditions without specifying its direction?
- Non-directional hypothesis
- One-tailed hypothesis
- Null hypothesis
- Directional hypothesis
-
Which variable is directly manipulated or changed by the experimenter?
- Extraneous variable
- Dependent variable
- Independent variable
- Confounding variable
-
Which variable is measured by the researcher to assess the effect of the manipulation?
- Confounding variable
- Extraneous variable
- Independent variable
- Dependent variable
-
Which term describes variables other than the independent variable that might affect the dependent variable if they are not controlled?
- Null hypotheses
- Operational definitions
- Extraneous variables
- Dependent variables
-
What term describes an uncontrolled variable that varies systematically with the independent variable?
- Dependent variable
- Participant variable
- Confounding variable
- Extraneous variable
-
Testing one group in the morning and another at night introduces which specific methodological flaw?
- Demand characteristic
- Social desirability
- Participant variable
- Confounding variable
-
Defining variables in terms of exact, measurable procedures is known as what?
- Standardisation
- Randomisation
- Counterbalancing
- Operationalisation
-
A researcher defines 'stress' as a score above 20 on a specific questionnaire. What is this an example of?
- Operationalisation
- Ecological validity
- Counterbalancing
- Random allocation
-
Which control technique is used to reduce order effects in a repeated measures design?
- Counterbalancing
- Operationalisation
- Standardised instructions
- Double-blind procedure
-
Keeping instructions and testing conditions identical for all participants is known as what?
- Operationalisation
- Blind testing
- Randomisation
- Standardisation
-
A researcher's assistant knows the hypothesis and treats participants in the experimental group more warmly. Which control issue is this?
- Ceiling effect
- Order effect
- Reliability of a test
- Experimenter effect
-
Participants in a study guess that the experiment is testing whether caffeine improves concentration and try harder. Which issue is this?
- Random allocation error
- Counterbalancing failure
- Demand characteristics
- Standard deviation
-
Which technique reduces demand characteristics by keeping participants unaware of their condition?
- Random allocation
- Matched pairs
- Single-blind procedure
- Counterbalancing
-
Counting the total number of errors made on a memory test produces which data type?
- Qualitative data
- Subjective data
- Quantitative data
- Secondary data
-
What action should a researcher take regarding the null hypothesis when statistical results are significant?
- Reject it
- Retain it
- Accept it
- Ignore it
-
Differences in participants' age, intelligence, or personality are classified as which type of variable?
- Situational variables
- Participant variables
- Confounding variables
- Investigator effects
-
Environmental factors like room temperature and background noise during testing are examples of what?
- Demand characteristics
- Participant variables
- Situational variables
- Investigator effects
-
Unintentional cues or behaviour from the researcher that influence participant responses are called what?
- Investigator effects
- Demand characteristics
- Participant variables
- Order effects
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