4.3.1.1 Gender and culture: universality and bias Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 3

The 20 questions

1. What term describes viewing male behaviour as the universal norm in psychological research?

   • Gynocentrism
   • Androcentrism
   • Ethnocentrism
   • Alpha bias

2. What type of gender bias exaggerates differences between men and women?

   • Ethnocentrism
   • Androcentrism
   • Beta bias
   • Alpha bias

3. What type of gender bias minimises or ignores differences between men and women?

   • Androcentrism
   • Cultural relativism
   • Beta bias
   • Alpha bias

4. What term describes judging other cultures using the standards of one's own culture?

   • Androcentrism
   • Beta bias
   • Cultural relativism
   • Ethnocentrism

5. What term describes viewing behaviour within its specific cultural context?

   • Alpha bias
   • Universality
   • Ethnocentrism
   • Cultural relativism

6. What term describes psychological concepts that apply to all humans regardless of culture?

   • Relativism
   • Ethnocentrism
   • Determinism
   • Universality

7. What term describes imposing a test from one culture onto another culture?

   • Imposed etic
   • Emic construct
   • Beta bias
   • Alpha bias

8. Describing a tiny gender difference as a massive psychological gap shows which bias?

   • Androcentrism
   • Beta bias
   • Alpha bias
   • Ethnocentrism

9. A researcher reports that men and women do not differ in empathy, even though the data show a clear difference, and dismisses the difference as unimportant. Which bias is shown?

   • Alpha bias
   • Beta bias
   • Universality
   • Ethnocentrism

10. A memory theory developed only from studies of male participants is applied to women without testing. Which concept best describes this?

    • Androcentrism
    • Alpha bias
    • Universality
    • Cultural relativism

11. A Western researcher judges a non-Western group's family structure as deviant, based only on Western norms. Which concept does this illustrate?

    • Beta bias
    • Universality
    • Ethnocentrism
    • Cultural relativism

12. A study finds that people in several countries recognise the same facial expression of happiness. Which concept does this finding support?

    • Cultural relativism
    • Alpha bias
    • Androcentrism
    • Universality

13. Which approach helps researchers avoid ethnocentrism when studying behaviour in other cultures?

    • Alpha bias
    • Cultural relativism
    • Androcentrism
    • Imposed etic

14. Applying findings from an all-male participant sample to all humans is an example of what?

    • Gynocentrism
    • Androcentrism
    • Cultural relativism
    • Alpha bias

15. Similar memory results across three different countries provide evidence for what concept?

    • Universality
    • Beta bias
    • Ethnocentrism
    • Cultural relativism

16. Apart from participant sampling, where else can gender bias arise in research?

    • Theory and interpretation
    • Standardised instructions
    • Random sampling
    • Counterbalancing

17. Cultural relativism requires behaviour to be understood in terms of its what?

    • Universal laws
    • Biological origins
    • Statistical frequency
    • Cultural context

18. What acronym describes over-represented Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic research samples?

    • Idiographic
    • Nomothetic
    • WEIRD
    • Mundane

19. Which type of gender bias overestimates or exaggerates differences between men and women?

    • Androcentrism
    • Alpha bias
    • Beta bias
    • Cultural relativism

20. Which term describes psychological research focused exclusively on male behaviour, often assuming it applies universally?

    • Alpha bias
    • Androcentrism
    • Cultural relativism
    • Ethnocentrism

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