Lesson 4.3.9.3

4.3.9.3 Psychological explanations of offending Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 3

20 questions

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Lesson 4.3.9.3, Psychological explanations of offending: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA Psychology (7182), Unit 3: Issues and options in Psychology, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which three personality dimensions form Eysenck's theory of the criminal personality?

    • Openness, agreeableness, neuroticism
    • Extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
    • Extraversion, introversion, neuroticism
    • Psychoticism, agreeableness, extraversion

  2. According to Eysenck, which personality profile is most characteristic of criminal offenders?

    • Low N only
    • High PEN scores
    • High E only
    • Low PEN scores

  3. According to Kohlberg, offenders are most likely to demonstrate which level of moral reasoning?

    • Pre-conventional
    • Unconventional
    • Conventional
    • Post-conventional

  4. Which cognitive distortion involves interpreting ambiguous actions from other people as aggressive?

    • Confirmation bias
    • Hostile attribution bias
    • Minimalisation
    • Dichotomous reasoning

  5. Which cognitive distortion involves downplaying the seriousness or consequences of an offence?

    • Hostile attribution bias
    • Deindividuation
    • Minimalisation
    • Fundamental attribution error

  6. Who proposed differential association theory as a psychological explanation of offending?

    • Edwin Sutherland
    • Lawrence Kohlberg
    • Albert Bandura
    • Hans Eysenck

  7. Which theory claims offending is learned through exposure to pro-crime attitudes in close social groups?

    • Social learning theory
    • Eysenck's personality theory
    • Cognitive distortion theory
    • Differential association theory

  8. Interpreting neutral actions of others as aggressive or provocative is known as which cognitive distortion?

    • Minimalisation
    • Displacement
    • Hostile attribution bias
    • De-individuation

  9. Which self-report method used to measure Eysenck's personality dimensions is often criticised for bias?

    • Questionnaires
    • Brain scans
    • Polygraph tests
    • Direct observations

  10. Who proposed differential association theory to explain offending behaviour through social learning?

    • Sigmund Freud
    • Lawrence Kohlberg
    • Edwin Sutherland
    • Hans Eysenck

  11. Downplaying the severity of a crime or blaming the victim is an example of which distortion?

    • De-individuation
    • Hostile attribution bias
    • Vicarious reinforcement
    • Minimalisation

  12. Which factor affecting offending behaviour is central to Lawrence Kohlberg's cognitive explanation?

    • Differential association
    • Ego defence mechanisms
    • Moral reasoning level
    • Maternal deprivation

  13. According to Eysenck, which three personality traits form the criminal personality?

    • Neuroticism, conscientiousness, introversion
    • Psychoticism, introversion, empathy
    • Extraversion, agreeableness, openness
    • Extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism

  14. At which stage of Kohlberg's moral development model are offenders most commonly placed?

    • Pre-conventional level
    • Post-conventional level
    • Autonomous level
    • Conventional level

  15. Reacting aggressively to ambiguous social cues because they are perceived as threatening describes what concept?

    • Confirmation bias
    • Hostile attribution bias
    • Fundamental attribution error
    • Minimalisation

  16. Which psychological approach explains offending as a result of distorted thinking patterns?

    • Psychodynamic approach
    • Cognitive approach
    • Behaviourist approach
    • Biological approach

  17. According to differential association theory, how is criminal behaviour primarily acquired?

    • Genetic inheritance
    • Neural abnormality
    • Unconscious conflict
    • Social learning

  18. Which psychological therapy applies cognitive explanations of offending to reduce reoffending rates?

    • Psychoanalysis
    • Cognitive behavioural therapy
    • Aversion therapy
    • Systematic desensitisation

  19. Which of the following is a recognised cognitive distortion associated with offending behaviour?

    • Introversion
    • Conditioning
    • Minimalisation
    • Sublimation

  20. What key social factor does Sutherland's differential association theory propose leads to offending?

    • Low extraversion
    • High dopamine levels
    • Underdeveloped superego
    • Pro-criminal attitudes

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