3.1.4 Biological versus Freudian explanations of aggression Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 3

The 20 questions

1. In Freud's model of personality, which component operates on the reality principle?

   • The superego
   • The id
   • The libido
   • The ego

2. According to Freud, which principle governs the operation of the id?

   • The morality principle
   • The pleasure principle
   • The reality principle
   • The repetition principle

3. In Freud's psychodynamic theory, which part of personality represents internalised moral standards and conscience?

   • Ego
   • Libido
   • Id
   • Superego

4. In Freudian theory, what term describes the release of built-up aggressive energy?

   • Displacement
   • Repression
   • Projection
   • Catharsis

5. What name did Freud give to the unconscious death instinct associated with aggression?

   • Libido
   • Id
   • Eros
   • Thanatos

6. Which factor is part of a biological explanation of aggression rather than a psychodynamic one?

   • Repressed urges
   • Weak superego
   • Testosterone levels
   • Unconscious conflict

7. Which limbic system structure is primarily linked to processing emotion and aggressive behaviour?

   • Cerebellum
   • Medulla
   • Amygdala
   • Hippocampus

8. According to Freudian theory, aggressive outbursts are primarily driven by which component of personality?

   • The id
   • The ego
   • The central executive
   • The superego

9. Sudden impulsive aggression caused by prefrontal cortex damage provides evidence for which explanation of aggression?

   • Behaviourist
   • Cognitive
   • Biological
   • Psychodynamic

10. A drug that reduces testosterone levels also reduces aggression. Which explanation does this support?

    • Social learning
    • Humanistic
    • Psychodynamic
    • Biological

11. Why is Freud's psychodynamic explanation of aggression frequently criticised as unscientific?

    • It is ethnocentric
    • It is deterministic
    • It is unfalsifiable
    • It is reductionist

12. Why is the biological explanation of aggression considered more scientific than Freud's theory?

    • Unconscious instinct theories
    • Qualitative case studies
    • Subjective patient interviews
    • Objective physiological measures

13. Why are biological explanations of aggression criticised as being reductionist?

    • Lacks empirical evidence
    • Focuses on unconscious
    • Ignores brain structure
    • Ignores environmental factors

14. According to research by Bushman, venting anger by hitting a punch bag has what effect?

    • Decreases later aggression
    • Increases later aggression
    • Eliminates angry feelings
    • Drains aggressive energy

15. According to Freud, which part of personality produces feelings of guilt following aggressive behaviour?

    • Superego
    • Libido
    • Ego
    • Id

16. What is a key limitation of the case studies Freud used to develop his theory?

    • Excessive quantitative data
    • Unrepresentative small samples
    • High statistical power
    • Overly standardised procedures

17. Freud explained aggression using unconscious conflicts, whereas biological psychology focuses on what?

    • Operant conditioning
    • Psychosexual development
    • Physiological mechanisms
    • Social learning processes

18. A study links high testosterone levels to increased aggression. What is a key limitation of this finding?

    • Low internal validity
    • Subjective data collection
    • Correlation not causation
    • Qualitative measure only

19. What practical application does the biological explanation of aggression offer compared to Freudian theory?

    • Targeted drug therapies
    • Subjective dream analysis
    • Freudian psychoanalysis
    • Cathartic anger venting

20. Which side of the nature-nurture debate do biological explanations of aggression primarily support?

    • Environmental side
    • Nurture side
    • Nature side
    • Interactionist view

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