5.6.1 Issues and debates in clinical psychology Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 5

The 20 questions

1. What is a major ethical concern when conducting research with clinical populations?

   • Construct validity
   • Ecological validity
   • Inter-rater reliability
   • Informed consent

2. Balancing internal validity and reliability in research design is an example of what?

   • An ethical issue
   • Biological reductionism
   • A social debate
   • A practical issue

3. Explaining schizophrenia using only dopamine levels is an example of what issue?

   • Biological reductionism
   • Cultural relativism
   • Holism
   • Ethnocentrism

4. Comparing the ICD and DSM manuals highlights which issue in clinical diagnosis?

   • Biological determinism
   • Diagnostic inconsistency
   • Ethical constraint
   • Gender bias

5. Which approach is central to the debate about psychology as a science in clinical research?

   • Phenomenological analysis
   • Psychoanalytic theory
   • Biological methods
   • Interpretive sociology

6. Differences in how symptoms are reported across ethnic groups illustrate which clinical issue?

   • Gender bias
   • Cultural bias
   • Investigator effects
   • Ageism

7. Comparing biological causes of depression with environmental causes reflects which debate?

   • Nature versus nurture
   • Psychology as science
   • Social control
   • Cultural relativism

8. Qualitative interviews provide rich patient detail but lack which key feature?

   • High standardisation
   • High empathy
   • Ecological validity
   • Subjective validity

9. A diagnostic test that gives consistent results but measures the wrong disorder lacks what?

   • Reliability
   • Objectivity
   • Validity
   • Credibility

10. Updating diagnostic criteria in clinical manuals over time shows that psychological knowledge is what?

    • Fixed and absolute
    • Culturally neutral
    • Completely invalid
    • Developing continuously

11. Treating complex mental distress solely with neurochemical medication is an example of what?

    • Social control
    • Biological reductionism
    • Cultural relativism
    • Psychological holism

12. Discrepancies in diagnosis rates between men and women highlight which clinical issue?

    • Biological reductionism
    • Social control
    • Gender bias
    • Cultural bias

13. Using involuntary detention of patients to enforce societal conformity reflects which issue?

    • Social control
    • Investigator bias
    • Gender bias
    • Ethnocentrism

14. Giving a patient a psychiatric label that results in negative social prejudice causes what?

    • Reductionism
    • Stigma
    • Social control
    • Ethnocentrism

15. Why is random allocation of patients to untreated control groups often avoided in clinical trials?

    • Demand characteristics
    • Lack of funding
    • Ethical constraints
    • Low reliability

16. In an audit, 36 of 120 diagnoses changed on review. What percentage of diagnoses changed?

    • 3 per cent
    • 36 per cent
    • 30 per cent
    • 70 per cent

17. Over-relying on a single diagnostic classification manual risks ignoring which key factor?

    • Biological cause
    • Drug dosage
    • Cultural context
    • Symptom severity

18. When psychological therapy prioritises societal conformity over individual wellbeing, it acts as what?

    • Determinism
    • Ethnocentrism
    • Holism
    • Social control

19. What is a major advantage of using reductionist methods in clinical research?

    • Subjective detail
    • Holistic understanding
    • High ecological validity
    • Precise variable testing

20. A test has sensitivity of 0.9. If 50 people have the disorder, how many are false negatives?

    • 45
    • 50
    • 5
    • 10

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