Lesson 4.1.1.2

4.1.1.2 Differential educational achievement by class, gender and ethnicity Quiz: AQA Sociology, Unit 1

20 questions

Written by Revision Ninja · Last reviewed 11 October 2026

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Lesson 4.1.1.2, Differential educational achievement by class, gender and ethnicity: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA Sociology (7192), Unit 1: Education with Theory and Methods, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which sociologist identified parental interest as a key factor in working-class achievement?

    • J.W.B. Douglas
    • Howard Becker
    • Basil Bernstein
    • Pierre Bourdieu

  2. Basil Bernstein's concept of restricted and elaborated codes refers to differences in what?

    • Speech codes
    • School rules
    • Assessment types
    • Teaching methods

  3. Which sociologist researched how girls' ambitions shifted from marriage to careers between 1970 and 1990?

    • Angela McRobbie
    • Becky Francis
    • Miriam David
    • Sue Sharpe

  4. Which ethnic group consistently achieves higher GCSE results than the UK national average?

    • Gypsy/Roma pupils
    • Pakistani pupils
    • Black Caribbean pupils
    • Chinese pupils

  5. Which process occurs when teacher expectations lead to pupils fulfilling those expectations?

    • Material deprivation
    • Self-fulfilling prophecy
    • Cultural deprivation
    • Ethnocentric curriculum

  6. In Paul Willis's study, which type of work attracted the working-class counter-school culture?

    • Managerial work
    • Professional work
    • Clerical work
    • Manual work

  7. Which term describes a lack of money and physical resources that hinders educational success?

    • Cultural deprivation
    • Material deprivation
    • Immediate gratification
    • Symbolic violence

  8. Which A level subject shows a heavy over-representation of male students?

    • Sociology
    • Psychology
    • Physics
    • English literature

  9. Which concept developed by Bourdieu describes middle-class knowledge and language that schools reward?

    • Economic capital
    • Cultural capital
    • Social capital
    • Symbolic violence

  10. According to labelling theorists, higher exclusion rates for Black Caribbean boys stem from what?

    • Ethnocentric calendars
    • Low ambition
    • Teacher stereotypes
    • Genetic differences

  11. Which social class group consistently achieves the highest average educational attainment in the UK?

    • Skilled manual
    • Higher socio-economic
    • Working class
    • Lower socio-economic

  12. Which type of explanation attributes differential educational achievement to school structures like streaming?

    • Institutional
    • Cultural deprivation
    • Biological determinist
    • Material deprivation

  13. According to feminists, girls' higher educational attainment has failed to eliminate which societal issue?

    • University entry
    • Gender pay gap
    • Subject choices
    • Literacy gaps

  14. Which factor is most commonly linked by sociologists to the lower attainment of Traveller pupils?

    • Teacher ethnocentrism
    • Over-funding
    • Low school attendance
    • Linguistic deficit

  15. What type of data is a researcher using when analysing existing official GCSE results?

    • Qualitative primary
    • Qualitative secondary
    • Quantitative secondary
    • Quantitative primary

  16. Compensatory education policies may fail to close achievement gaps mainly because they ignore which factor?

    • Exam difficulty
    • School funding
    • Cultural capital
    • Teacher salaries

  17. According to Marxists, what is the main role of class-based educational achievement?

    • Reproducing inequality
    • Encouraging mobility
    • Promoting meritocracy
    • Fostering integration

  18. Why is using only official exam results limited when explaining differential achievement?

    • Unrepresentative sample
    • Uses qualitative data
    • Ignores internal processes
    • Lacks numerical reliability

  19. Sociologists argue that ethnic differences in educational achievement intersect most strongly with which factor?

    • Biological intelligence
    • School geography
    • Social class
    • Exam format

  20. Which concept describes a pupil internalising a teacher's label and behaving in ways that confirm it?

    • Cultural capital
    • Elaborated code
    • Status frustration
    • Self-fulfilling prophecy

All AQA Sociology quizzes