Lesson 3.1.4.4.5
3.1.4.4.5 Observation studies: categories of behaviour and interobserver reliability Quiz: AQA Psychology, Unit 4
20 questions
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Lesson 3.1.4.4.5, Observation studies: categories of behaviour and interobserver reliability: 20 multiple choice questions for the AQA GCSE Psychology (8182), Unit 4: Research methods, written with Revision Ninja.
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The 20 questions
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What defines an observational study in psychological research?
- Manipulating independent variables
- Asking survey questions
- Testing biological responses
- Recording participant behaviour
-
What is the main purpose of behavioural categories in an observation?
- Controlling background noise
- Selecting representative participants
- Defining target behaviours
- Calculating mean scores
-
A researcher counts how often a child smiles, frowns or looks away during play. What are these?
- Interview questions
- Null hypotheses
- Behavioural categories
- Independent variables
-
Why must behavioural categories be clearly defined before an observation?
- Remove all ethics
- Reduce participant age
- Increase sample size
- Increase reliability
-
What is measured by interobserver reliability in an observational study?
- Accuracy of memory
- Agreement between observers
- Consistency over time
- Participant behaviour change
-
How is interobserver reliability usually checked in observations?
- Testing normal distribution
- Comparing independent records
- Timing reaction speeds
- Averaging participant ages
-
Which action would most improve interobserver reliability?
- Removing all cameras
- Training observers
- Using vague categories
- Increasing sample bias
-
What is a key strength of naturalistic observation studies?
- No ethical issues
- High ecological validity
- Easy manipulation
- High internal control
-
What is a common weakness of observation studies?
- Fixed interval scales
- Observer bias
- Participant intelligence
- Standardised testing
-
What must a behavioural category in an observation be directly?
- Abstract
- Observable
- Theoretical
- Subjective
-
Which sampling method records behaviour at regular set intervals?
- Opportunity sampling
- Time sampling
- Event sampling
- Random sampling
-
Which observation type takes place in an artificial, manipulated environment?
- Participant observation
- Covert observation
- Controlled observation
- Naturalistic observation
-
What statistical measure is used to check consistency between two observers?
- Inter-observer reliability
- Internal validity
- Standardised instructions
- Demand characteristics
-
High agreement between two independent observers indicates good what?
- Falsifiability
- Generalisability
- Subjectivity
- Reliability
-
What effect occurs when participants change behaviour because they are watched?
- Halo effect
- Placebo effect
- Order effect
- Observer effect
-
What type of observation hides the researcher from the participants?
- Overt observation
- Covert observation
- Naturalistic observation
- Participant observation
-
What type of numerical data is produced by counting behavioural frequency?
- Qualitative data
- Quantitative data
- Primary data
- Secondary data
-
What is the main limitation of naturalistic observations regarding variables?
- Demand characteristics
- Low ecological validity
- Lack of control
- High researcher bias
-
Which feature must behavioural categories avoid to prevent observer bias?
- Operationalisation
- Quantification
- Objectivity
- Ambiguity
-
Evaluating unobservable internal states in a behavioural category requires what?
- Direct measurement
- Randomisation
- Inference
- Standardisation
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