4.3.1 Watson and Rayner, Becker, Bastian and Capafons studies Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 4

The 20 questions

1. What was the conditioned stimulus in Watson and Rayner's (1920) Little Albert study?

   • White rat
   • Loud noise
   • Santa mask
   • Wooden block

2. What was the unconditioned stimulus in Watson and Rayner's (1920) study on Little Albert?

   • White rat
   • Loud noise
   • Fur coat
   • Rabbit

3. Which object did Little Albert show stimulus generalisation towards in Watson and Rayner's study?

   • Metal bar
   • Santa Claus mask
   • Wooden block
   • Plastic toy

4. Which ethical issue is a major criticism of Watson and Rayner's Little Albert study?

   • Deception of public
   • Physical injury caused
   • Lack of debriefing
   • Unextinguished fear response

5. What was the primary aim of Watson and Rayner's (1920) Little Albert study?

   • Test social learning
   • Condition fear response
   • Measure infant IQ
   • Treat phobia symptoms

6. What key change occurred among Fijian teenage girls following television introduction in Becker et al. (2002)?

   • Academic scores dropped
   • Depression rates decreased
   • Disordered eating increased
   • Aggressive behaviour spiked

7. Which social learning theory concept best explains the findings of Becker et al. (2002)?

   • Classical conditioning
   • Systematic desensitisation
   • Operant conditioning
   • Modelling

8. What effect did playing violent video games have on players in Bastian et al. (2011)?

   • Increased target empathy
   • Reduced target humanity
   • Reduced physical aggression
   • Increased moral reasoning

9. What term describes viewing others as less than fully human in Bastian et al. (2011)?

   • Discrimination
   • Disinhibition
   • Desensitisation
   • Dehumanisation

10. What was the main finding of Capafóns et al. regarding systematic desensitisation?

    • Increased anxiety
    • Reduced fear
    • Induced phobias
    • No significant effect

11. Which feature of Capafóns et al. (1998) demonstrates its practical application in real life?

    • Relying on self-reports
    • Using animal models
    • Testing lab rodents
    • Treating real phobias

12. Which research method was used in Watson and Rayner's (1920) study of Little Albert?

    • Questionnaire survey
    • Controlled observation
    • Natural experiment
    • Field experiment

13. Why is it difficult to generalise the findings of Watson and Rayner (1920)?

    • Unreliable measurement scale
    • Single participant sample
    • High ecological validity
    • Lack of conditioning

14. Which ethical principle was violated when Little Albert left Watson and Rayner's study distressed?

    • Protection from harm
    • Informed consent
    • Right to privacy
    • Confidentiality

15. Why is Becker et al. (2002) classified as a natural experiment?

    • Manipulated lab IV
    • Random participant allocation
    • Naturally occurring IV
    • Controlled lab environment

16. What data collection method was primarily used by Becker et al. (2002) to assess eating attitudes?

    • Brain scans
    • Questionnaires
    • Lab observations
    • Blood tests

17. Which key factor do all learning theory studies emphasise in shaping human behaviour?

    • Innate instincts
    • Brain structure
    • Genetic inheritance
    • Environmental exposure

18. Why can Becker et al. (2002) not definitively prove television directly causes eating disorders?

    • It lacks data
    • It used animals
    • It is correlational
    • It tested adults

19. How did Watson and Rayner measure Little Albert's fear during the study?

    • Heart rate monitors
    • Self-report surveys
    • Observed behavioural responses
    • Brain imaging scans

20. What was the conditioned response (CR) in Watson and Rayner's study?

    • Fear of noise
    • Loud steel bar
    • White rat stimulus
    • Fear of rat

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