Lesson 6.1.6

6.1.6 Individual and developmental differences in criminal behaviour Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 6

20 questions

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Lesson 6.1.6, Individual and developmental differences in criminal behaviour: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 6: Criminological psychology, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which personality trait, proposed by Eysenck, is frequently associated with criminal and anti-social behaviour?

    • Psychoticism
    • Introversion
    • Agreeableness
    • Openness

  2. Which individual factor can determine whether a negative label results in a self-fulfilling prophecy?

    • Chronological age
    • Biological sex
    • Blood type
    • Self-esteem

  3. According to social learning theory, through which process is behaviour primarily acquired?

    • Unconscious conflict
    • Classical conditioning
    • Genetic inheritance
    • Observation and imitation

  4. In social learning theory, what mechanism increases the likelihood that observed criminal behaviour will be imitated?

    • Negative punishment
    • Systematic desensitisation
    • Genetic predisposition
    • Vicarious reinforcement

  5. Which developmental concept explains how societal labelling can lead an individual to adopt a criminal identity?

    • Self-fulfilling prophecy
    • Cognitive dissonance
    • Deindividuation
    • Structural adaptation

  6. Which early developmental factor provides a biological explanation for later criminal behaviour?

    • Labelling in school
    • Traumatic brain injury
    • Media exposure
    • Peer group pressure

  7. A child repeatedly labelled as a troublemaker begins behaving aggressively. Which concept best explains this outcome?

    • Vicarious reinforcement
    • Self-fulfilling prophecy
    • Social facilitation
    • Locus of control

  8. Why do two children exposed to identical environmental risk factors develop different criminal outcomes?

    • Demand elasticity
    • Individual differences
    • Standardised testing
    • Demand characteristics

  9. What major limitation is associated with social learning theory as an explanation for criminal behaviour?

    • Lacks empirical evidence
    • Ignores environmental factors
    • Ignores biological factors
    • Overemphasises genetics

  10. A researcher tests whether children who watch an aggressive model are more likely to imitate aggression. Which theory is being tested?

    • Social learning theory
    • Monotropy
    • The cognitive interview
    • Formulation theory

  11. What term describes the consistently recorded difference in offending rates between males and females?

    • Social desirability
    • Observer bias
    • Sampling bias
    • Gender gap

  12. What approach combines biological vulnerability with environmental factors to explain criminal behaviour?

    • Psychodynamic approach
    • Biological reductionism
    • Social constructivism
    • Interactionist approach

  13. What research design tracks the same participants over many years to study criminal development?

    • Longitudinal study
    • Case study
    • Cross-sectional study
    • Snapshot study

  14. What key factor causing criminal behaviour is ignored by social learning theory?

    • Vicarious reinforcement
    • Social influences
    • Biological factors
    • Observational learning

  15. Which model explains crime as a combination of individual personality and environmental influences?

    • Differential association
    • Biosocial model
    • Labelling theory
    • Biological determinism

  16. Which individual characteristic reduces the likelihood of a self-fulfilling prophecy occurring?

    • High self-esteem
    • Introversion
    • High neuroticism
    • Low self-esteem

  17. What process occurs when an individual internalises a negative label and behaves accordingly?

    • Vicarious reinforcement
    • Cognitive dissonance
    • Deindividuation
    • Self-fulfilling prophecy

  18. In developmental psychology, what term describes individual characteristics that reduce criminal risk?

    • Static factors
    • Protective factors
    • Risk factors
    • Precipitating factors

  19. In social learning theory, what effect does reinforcement have on a target behaviour?

    • Decreases repetition
    • Prevents imitation
    • Eliminates behaviour
    • Increases repetition

  20. In a study of 200 young people, 30 per cent showed early behavioural problems and 25 per cent of those later offended. How many later offended?

    • 45
    • 60
    • 15
    • 30

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