Lesson 6.2.2

6.2.2 Data analysis, reliability and validity in criminological research Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 6

20 questions

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Lesson 6.2.2, Data analysis, reliability and validity in criminological research: 20 multiple choice questions for the Pearson Edexcel Psychology (9PS0), Unit 6: Criminological psychology, written with Revision Ninja.

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The 20 questions

  1. Which sampling method gives every target population member an equal chance of selection?

    • Opportunity sampling
    • Volunteer sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Stratified sampling

  2. Which sampling method selects participants in proportion to sub-group frequencies in the population?

    • Opportunity sampling
    • Volunteer sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Stratified sampling

  3. Which sampling method selects participants who are available and willing at the time?

    • Systematic sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Random sampling
    • Stratified sampling

  4. What sampling technique relies on participants responding to an advertisement or request?

    • Volunteer sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Stratified sampling
    • Random sampling

  5. Selecting participants who are simply available at a specific location and time is which sampling method?

    • Stratified sampling
    • Volunteer sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Random sampling

  6. A researcher wants a sample that reflects the age and gender balance of a population. Which method is most suitable?

    • Volunteer sampling
    • Stratified sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • A single case study

  7. What is the main sampling bias associated with using volunteer participants?

    • Volunteer bias
    • Demand characteristics
    • Observer bias
    • Social desirability

  8. Which term describes the consistency of a measurement tool across time or observers?

    • Reliability
    • Objectivity
    • Internal validity
    • Ecological validity

  9. Which type of validity assesses whether changes in the dependent variable were caused by the independent variable?

    • Temporal validity
    • Internal validity
    • Ecological validity
    • Population validity

  10. Which term refers to how well study findings generalise to real-world settings and other populations?

    • External validity
    • Inter-rater reliability
    • Construct validity
    • Internal validity

  11. Which sampling method gives every member of the target population an equal chance of selection?

    • Purposive sampling
    • Volunteer sampling
    • Opportunity sampling
    • Random sampling

  12. A test of memory gives the same result on two occasions a week apart. Which property is shown?

    • Internal validity
    • Inter-rater reliability
    • Ecological validity
    • Test-retest reliability

  13. Two observers code the same offenders' behaviour and agree on most categories. Which property is shown?

    • Inter-rater reliability
    • External validity
    • Test-retest reliability
    • Face validity

  14. What does a significance level of p < 0.05 indicate about experimental findings?

    • 5% chance probability
    • 50% chance probability
    • 95% chance probability
    • 0% chance probability

  15. Which statistical value is used as a measure of dispersion in quantitative data analysis?

    • Mean
    • Median
    • Standard deviation
    • Mode

  16. Which test is appropriate for comparing two independent groups on an ordinal measure?

    • Spearman's rho
    • Mann-Whitney U
    • Chi-squared test
    • Wilcoxon signed-rank test

  17. Which inferential test is used for repeated-measures design data at the ordinal level?

    • Spearman's rank test
    • Mann-Whitney U test
    • Wilcoxon test
    • Chi-squared test

  18. Which test is used to analyse the association between two categorical variables in a contingency table?

    • Wilcoxon signed-rank test
    • Mann-Whitney U
    • Spearman's rho
    • Chi-squared test

  19. A study reports a mean of 20, median of 18 and mode of 15. Which measure is most affected by one very high score?

    • The mode
    • The range
    • The median
    • The mean

  20. What is the threshold value that an observed statistic must reach to show statistical significance?

    • Level of measurement
    • Standard deviation
    • Critical value
    • Calculated value

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