2.1.5 Individual and developmental differences in memory Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. Which individual difference describes the speed at which a person handles information?

   • Memory span
   • Schema complexity
   • Processing speed
   • Linguistic ability

2. Why do two people often reconstruct the same witnessed event differently?

   • Different schemas
   • Different decay rates
   • Different digit spans
   • Different IQ scores

3. Which type of memory contains personal experiences unique to an individual?

   • Working memory
   • Procedural memory
   • Semantic memory
   • Autobiographical memory

4. According to the specification, which factor causes individual differences in memory reconstruction?

   • Acoustic encoding
   • Displacement rate
   • Primary memory capacity
   • Personal schemas

5. Slower recall of word lists in older adults is primarily linked to reductions in what?

   • Schema size
   • Processing speed
   • Episodic buffer
   • Echoic duration

6. Research on individual differences in memory is often criticised for relying on what type of data?

   • Qualitative
   • Experimental
   • Observational
   • Correlational

7. Which mental frameworks cause individual variation in the recall of domain-specific information?

   • Episodic logs
   • Echoic buffers
   • Executive loops
   • Schemas

8. According to developmental research, how does digit memory span change from age 5 to 17?

   • It decreases
   • It increases
   • It stays constant
   • It fluctuates randomly

9. Which individual factor determines how quickly a person can encode and rehearse information?

   • Schema density
   • Context dependency
   • Cue dependency
   • Processing speed

10. Which type of memory is inherently unique and individual to a specific person's life experiences?

    • Autobiographical memory
    • Echoic memory
    • Sensory memory
    • Procedural memory

11. Why must researchers carefully consider participant sample characteristics in memory studies?

    • Investigator effects
    • Individual differences
    • Social desirability
    • Demand characteristics

12. Which mental frameworks cause individual variation in how memories are reconstructed during recall?

    • Phonological loops
    • Sensory registers
    • Schemas
    • Processing speeds

13. Because schemas are acquired through personal experience, individual differences in schemas reflect which influence?

    • Genetics
    • Biology
    • Nurture
    • Nature

14. Processing speed and schemas are both examples of factors that cause variation in what process?

    • Synaptic pruning
    • Classical conditioning
    • Operant conditioning
    • Information encoding

15. Which measure is most suitable for investigating individual differences in cognitive processing speed?

    • Word span length
    • Recall accuracy
    • Reaction time
    • Recognition threshold

16. Besides processing speed, what personal cognitive structures account for variation in recall performance?

    • Iconic buffers
    • Schemas
    • Acoustic stores
    • Reflex arcs

17. Two people recall the same event differently due to varying personal expectations. What is this called?

    • Individual differences
    • Demand characteristics
    • Systemic bias
    • Standardisation

18. Which individual factor explains why one person retrieves stored memory items faster than another?

    • Schema activation
    • Priming effect
    • Cognitive overload
    • Processing speed

19. According to Sebastián and Hernández-Gil (2012), at what age does memory span typically stop developing?

    • 25 years old
    • 5 years old
    • 17 years old
    • 10 years old

20. Which neurodegenerative condition is studied as an age-related memory issue affecting older adults?

    • Dyslexia
    • Alzheimer's disease
    • Schema disorder
    • Anterograde amnesia

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