2.2.4 Case studies of brain-damaged patients (HM) Quiz: Pearson Edexcel Psychology, Unit 2

The 20 questions

1. Which patient is the best-known case study of memory loss after brain surgery, studied by Scoville and Milner?

   • Clive Wearing
   • Henry Molaison (HM)
   • Broca's patient Tan
   • Phineas Gage

2. Which brain structure was bilaterally removed during patient HM's brain surgery?

   • Hippocampus
   • Prefrontal cortex
   • Amygdala
   • Cerebellum

3. Which main type of amnesia did patient HM develop following his surgery?

   • Infantile amnesia
   • Anterograde amnesia
   • Psychogenic amnesia
   • Retrograde amnesia

4. Which type of long-term memory remained largely intact in patient HM?

   • Semantic memory
   • Autobiographical memory
   • Episodic memory
   • Procedural memory

5. What did the case study of patient HM demonstrate about long-term memory?

   • Single unitary store
   • Unlimited short-term capacity
   • Distinct memory stores
   • Reconstructive recall

6. What type of detailed data is a key strength of patient case studies?

   • Statistical inferential data
   • Rich qualitative data
   • Nomothetic quantitative data
   • Standardised test scores

7. What major limitation affects case studies of individual patients like HM?

   • Low population validity
   • Subject demand characteristics
   • High researcher bias
   • Low internal validity

8. What is a main limitation of qualitative data gathered from case studies?

   • Low ecological validity
   • High attrition rate
   • Subjective interpretation
   • Order effects

9. Which ethical issue is particularly difficult to gain from patients with severe amnesia?

   • Deception
   • Protection from harm
   • Informed consent
   • Right to withdraw

10. Which theory of brain function is directly supported by patient HM's selective memory deficits?

    • Localisation of function
    • Brain plasticity
    • Mass action theory
    • Functional recovery

11. In the nature-nurture debate, what does HM's damaged hippocampus represent?

    • Environmental nurture
    • Cultural nurture
    • Biological nature
    • Social learning

12. What is a primary scientific use of idiographic case studies like HM?

    • Ensuring high reliability
    • Proving cause-and-effect
    • Generating research hypotheses
    • Establishing general laws

13. A patient can recall childhood memories but cannot form new memories. What amnesia is this?

    • Retrograde amnesia
    • Psychogenic amnesia
    • Infantile amnesia
    • Anterograde amnesia

14. What type of evidence is established when two patients show opposing memory deficits?

    • Triangulation
    • Single blindness
    • Matched pairs
    • Double dissociation

15. What is the loss of memories formed BEFORE brain damage occurs called?

    • Anterograde amnesia
    • Retrograde amnesia
    • Retroactive interference
    • Proactive interference

16. HM could learn new motor skills like mirror-drawing. Which memory type was intact?

    • Episodic memory
    • Semantic memory
    • Working memory
    • Procedural memory

17. What type of data consists of non-numerical descriptions and written observations?

    • Nominal data
    • Inferential data
    • Qualitative data
    • Quantitative data

18. Which memory store remained largely intact in HM despite his surgery?

    • Long-term episodic memory
    • Long-term semantic memory
    • Autobiographical memory
    • Short-term memory

19. Which specific brain structure removed during surgery caused HM's severe memory impairment?

    • Cerebellum
    • Corpus callosum
    • Hippocampus
    • Hypothalamus

20. HM's selective memory deficits provide strong evidence for which model concept?

    • Unitary memory store
    • Continuous memory trace
    • Separate memory stores
    • General intelligence factor

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